The countries of the South China Sea area prepare for a Naval War

Escalating tensions in the South China Sea has resulted in several countries in that region to strengthen their naval capabilities, as demonstrated by some facts:

In May 2019, Philippine Navy announced its plans to buy 25-30 warships including destroyers to modernize and increase its existing fleet by 2030.

In December 2019, China announced its plans to build two guided-missile Type 055 and Type 052D destroyers that will be ready for battle service by 2021.

In January 2020, China presented its first fourth-generation guided-missile destroyer "Nanchang" intended be used as aircraft carrier escort.

In March 2020, Japan announced its plans to build its second Maya class destroyer that will be equipped with the Aegis defense system and will exhibit ballistic missile defense capability. The first Maya class destroyer was launched in 2019 and it is expected to be commissioned in a few months.

In May 2020, Australia also concluded its Air Warfare Destroyer program by commissioning the Hobart Class guided missile Aegis capable HMAS Sydney V destroyer. Australia is expected to purchase defense systems and other technological support worth billions to support the upgradation of the latest fleet.

Indian Navy has under construction four 7300 tons destroyers at Mazagon Docks in Mumbai, and the Indian government has signed a deal to acquire advanced sensor and weapon systems package for nearly USD 800 million to arm these under-construction warships.

Some other small nations with limited capabilities in shipbuilding are purchasing destroyers from other markets such as China, Europe, Japan, South Korea or United States.

India Is Developing Its Own Missile-Defense Shield

A decade later, New Delhi has finally begun setting up a two-layer ballistic missile defense shield that initially will protect New Delhi and Mumbai. The Prithvi Air Defense (PAD) system will provide long-range high-altitude ballistic missile interception during an incoming missile’s midcourse phase, while the Advanced Air Defense system offers short-range, low-altitude defense against missiles in the terminal phase of their trajectory. Reportedly the first batteries have begun installation in two villages in Rajasthan.

At first glance, the Prithvi Air Defense missile seems quite capable, with a range of 1,250 miles and a maximum altitude of 260,000 feet, making it an exospheric interceptor. The missile is programmed prior to launch by the BMD command center on an intercept trajectory, which it maintains using an inertial navigation system. It receives midcourse updates to its trajectory using data from the Swordfish radar, and then in the terminal approach phase switches to its own active radar seeker and destroys the target with a proximity-fused warhead.

For defense at low-altitudes, the solid-fuel Advanced Air Defense system, or Ashwar, uses an endospheric (within the Earth’s atmosphere) interceptor that knocks out ballistic missiles at a maximum altitude of 60,000 to 100,000 feet, and across a range between 90 and 125 miles for local defense. The AAD has performed successfully in most tests against targets at altitudes of 50,000 feet, though an improved model failed a test in April 2015 before succeeding in subsequent attempts. It is claimed the Mach 4.5 missile might also have application against cruise missiles and aircraft.

However, a major limitation of the PAD is that the second phase of the two-stage rocket uses liquid fuel. As liquid rocket fuel corrodes fuel tanks when stored for long, the PAD could not be on standby 24/7. Instead, it would need to be gassed up during a period of crisis in anticipation of trouble. This is less than ideal for a weapon intended to defend against an attack which might come at any moment.