The anti-aircraft missile system S-400 is intended for defeat of jammers, radar detection and control planes, reconnaissance planes, strategic and tactical aircraft, tactical, operational-tactical ballistic missiles, medium-range ballistic missiles, hypersonic targets and other modern and perspective means of air attack.
It is based on the S-300, but offers significantly better tactical and technical capabilities: Apart from the range, one of the most outstanding points of this system is that it allows to create a staggered anti-aircraft defense, thanks to the fact that it can operate selectively using various types of missiles.
Likewise, the construction principles and the branched communication system of the S-400 allow it to be integrated into various levels of control not only in the Air Force, but also in other branches of the Armed Forces.
Composition
The basic version of the S-400 retains the structure of the S-300, including multifunction radars, launchers, autonomous detection and target designation means. At the same time, a new control system provides a much greater channel to targets.
Lemanskiy et al describe the system composition as four core components:
The 30K6E battle management system, comprising the 55K6E Command Post and 91N6E Big Bird acquisition radar.
Up to six 98Zh6E Fire Units, each comprising a 92N6E Grave Stone “multimode” engagement radar, up to twelve 5P85SE2 / 5P85TE2 TELs, each TEL armed with up to four 48N6E2/E3 missiles.
A complement of SAM rounds, comprising arbitrary mixes of the 48N6E, 48N6E2 and 48N6E3.
The 30Ts6E logistical support system, comprising missile storage, test and maintenance equipments.
All system components are carried by self-propelled wheeled all-terrain chassis, and have autonomous power supplies, navigation and geo-location systems, communications and life support equipment. Mains power grid converters are installed for fixed site operations. The design permits all equipment vans to be separated from the vehicle chassis for installation and operation in hardened shelters.
Workflow
All workflow (detection, route tracking, distribution of targets between SAMs, their capture, escort and identification, the choice of missile type, preparing them for launch, launch, capture and pointing missiles at targets, evaluation of the results of firing) is automated.
Command Post
The command post of has the radar 91N6E, which creates a radar field in the area of the system and carries out the detection, route escort and identification of all types of targets in an amount of hundreds of units.
According to the detection radar, the command post distributes targets among the guided anti-aircraft missile systems of the system, provides them with appropriate target designation, as well as the interaction of the SAMs in the conditions of massive raids of airborne attack vehicles at various altitudes of their combat application, in an environment of intensive radio interaction.
Detection Radar
The detection radar 91N6E operates in a circular view mode, is three-axis, noise-protected. This radar has an important advantage over ground-based duty and combat radars and is equipped with a two-dimensional scanning radar beam.
Launchers
One launcher version can accommodate four ultra-long range SAMs (up to 400 km) designed to engage aircrafts and ballistic targets at a maximum speed of more than 3000 m/s.
Another launcher version can accommodate four SAMs type 9M96E or 9M96E2 designed to attack all existing and prospective missiles and aircrafts at medium range.
SAMs
SAMs are equipped with the multifunction radar 92N2E.
The SAMs use a combined SAM control system consisting of an inertial control system for the most part of the trajectory and homing heads in the approaching area.
This allows at the stage of inertial control to free the channels of multifunctional radar from the function of escorting the SAM and increase the number of simultaneously accompanied and fired targets.
The use of active homing heads frees the 92N2E from the function of tracking and illumination of the target in the homing area, which also expands the radar capabilities in terms of the number of accompanied targets.
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